Warrants: The Occupancy Block Tables

Introduction

The Occupancy Block (OBlock) Tables were developed to define the elements needed to create "Warrants" that allow trains to run automatically over predetermined routes. It was also a design goal to generate these routes automatically by merely specifying the origin and destination of Trains. Furthermore, it was designed for use by Logix so that users can define and control automated Trains running from Panel Editor panels of their own design.

What are Portals and why use them?

Occupancy Blocks, or more properly named "track circuits", are portions of track having one or more Sensors to detect occupancy by Trains. These rail blocks, called OBlocks, are usually separated by gaps cut in the track which isolate the detecting sensors. However this is not always the case, since optical sensors might also be used to detect occupancy in a section of track. But whatever method is used to determine a block and the means of detecting its occupancy, there is some point that separates one block from another block. This dividing line between two blocks, whether a physical gap or an imaginary line, marks a transition from one block to another. These transition points are called Portals.

Undoubtably you created Blocks on your layout because it was important for you to know when one section of track was exited and another was entered. One or more track circuits might be grouped together to make a prototypical Block, i.e. a section of track whose use is governed by signals. This can provide Interlocking. The Signals governing a Block are logically placed at the Portal points. If you have signals on your layout, consider where they are located. Most likely they are placed near dividing points between Blocks. So regardless of the name, Portals are a significant concept.

OPaths through Portals

There may be many ways to traverse an OBlock. For example, in the diagram below both OPaths 31a and 31b traverse Block 31.
A Path within a Block will enter at one Portal and exit through another Portal. See for example Path 31b in the diagram, which enters Block 31 through Portal 2-31b and exits via Portal 31-5.
Or a Path may terminate within the Block, that is, the Path is a spur. Again, Portals are a useful concept to indicate these entrance and exit points.

Note that a Path must have at least one Portal for an entry/exit point and cannot have more than two Portals. A Path is unambiguously defined by specifying the Turnouts and their settings for a Train to proceed safely through the Block.

Definitions

Warrants and the Occupancy Tables use the following elements:

• Blocks are implemented in JMRI as OBlocks, which are extensions of JMRI Blocks. They have the following characteristics:
  • An OBlock has from 1 to N Portals.
  • Although an OBlock can be defined without a Sensor, i.e. a "Dark Block", it should have a Sensor. If it has more than one Sensor, these Sensors should be "OR"ed together and trigger a single internal Sensor for the Block.
  • An OBlock has from 1 to M Ppaths.
  • An OBlock has 0 to K Turnouts.
• Portals separate Blocks. They have the following characteristics:
  • A Portal has exactly two Blocks (no more, no less)
  • A Portal may have 0 to 2 Signals. If a Portal has a Signal, it faces one of its Blocks. A second Signal, if it exists, faces the other Block. Each Signal controls the movement of a Train exiting the Block it faces and thus the entrance of the Train to the other Block.
• Paths traverse a Block. They are implemented as JMRI OPaths, which are extensions of JMRI Paths. They have the following characteristics:
  • An OPath has 0 to N Turnouts.
  • An OPath has at least one, and no more than two, Portals.

How OBlocks, Portals and OPaths are used is described in the Warrants Help. You may want to browse that before reading further.

OBlocks, Portals and OPaths can be created and edited by the using the methods described below, or they can also be created and edited from a WYSIWYG graphical interface described in the Circuit Builder Help.

Circuit Builder can be used you if you have a track diagram using track icons showing your layout. Otherwise you will need to use the tables below. See Creating and Editing OBlocks, Portals and OPaths for more details on using the tables.

Tables of the Occupancy Block, Portal, Path Frame

The tables defining these elements are contained within a single frame that can be minimized or closed. The individual table frames can be minimized within this parent frame using the familiar OS window buttons.

Each of the tables in the Occupancy Block, Portal, Path Frame has a bottom row with blank entries. Entering data into these entries and pressing the 'Enter' key will create a new item in the table. 'Drag and Drop' and 'Copy and Paste' are implemented to provide easy ways to move text from table to table.

Columns in the Occupancy Block Table

Each Occupancy Block on your layout should be entered as a row in this table, listing:

• System Name: The System Name of the OBlock. The system letter 'O', and type letter 'B' is used for 'OBlock' although the implementation is not system-specific.
  If these letters are not entered they are automatically prepended.
• User Name: The User Name of the OBlock.
• Comment: You may enter any text in this field you wish.
• Sensor: The Sensor that detects occupancy of the Block.
• State: Shows a bit map of the Occupancy Sensor's state. Click on the cell to see the word values.
• Length: The length of the Block (see next line for units). This is an important parameter if you use NX Warrants.
• Units: The unit used to determine the length (inches or centimeters).
• Speed Notch: An optional speed limit for the Block. A drop-down box lists the Signal Aspects controlling speed. A blank entry indicates any speed restriction will continue to be enforced. This should be the typical setting. "Normal" indicates speed will return to the previous normal speed.
• Paths: A button that opens the Block-Path Table where the Paths of this Block are entered. This table is described below.
• Delete: A button to delete the Block. To make the deletion permanent, save your configuration file to disk

This table is initially sorted by the System Name of the OBlocks. This means that when a new row is added the entry will jump to its position in the sort. After entering a new OBlock, you may find it at the top of the window should you need to do further editing.
since 2.12You can sort the table by clicking on a column header.

Several columns are hidden in the OBlock table. To hide/unhide a column, right click in the Header portion of the table.

Columns in the Portal Table

The Portal table has columns for the blocks it separates. You do not need to be concerned about the direction of travel through the portal. It does not matter which side of the portal the blocks names are entered, since the algorithms that compute train routes will decipher the correct entrance and exit points.

• Block Name: The user or system name of the OBlock on one side of the Portal.
• Portal Name: The portal name. The names of portals must be unique.
• Block Name: The user or system name of the OBlock on the other side of the Portal.
• Delete: A button to delete the Portal. To make the deletion permanent, save your configuration file to disk

This table is sorted by Portal Name. This means that when a new row is added the entry will jump to its position in the sort. After entering a new Portal, you may find it at the top of the window for further editing.

Columns in the Signal Table

For each signal on your layout, make an entry in the Signal Table. This Signal will control the actions of any warranted train - changing its speed according to the Signal's indication when the train reaches the Portal where the signal is placed. That is, the Signal 'protects' the Blocks beyond the Portal. The Signal may be either a Signal Mast or a Signal Head.

• Signal Name: Enter the name of the Signal, either the System Name or User Name (In the case where the same name is used for both a Signal Mast and Signal Head, the Signal Mast will be chosen by the program).
• From (Approach) Block: Enter the name, either System Name or User Name, of the Block that the Signal faces. The Signal controls the movement of a Train exiting from the approach Block and entering into the protected Block.
• (Through) Portal: Enter the name of the Portal where the Signal is placed.
• To (Protected) Block: Enter the name, either System Name or User Name, of the Block whose entrance is protected by the Signal.
• Length: (Optional) The length add or subtract to point where a speed change required by the Signal's Aspect should begin. Often this equals the distance from where the mast of the signal is placed to where the gap of the Block it protects is.
• Units: The unit used to determine the offset length (in inches or centimeters).

How Signal Aspects change Speed

A Warrant detects the signal Aspect when it's train enters the approach Block and - if needed - prepares to change the speed before it reaches the protected Block. Any speed change is ramped down to the speed required by the Signal. The Warrant calculates when the speed ramp-down should begin using the parameters involved with the Speed Profile or throttle factor of the engine (see Warrants). The point where the speed change should complete can be adjusted (+/-) by the above Length amount, should that be desirable.

Likewise, when the Signal indicates a Clear or increased speed from a stopped or reduced speed condition, the speed will be ramped up to the allowed or recorded speed.

Columns in Block-Path Tables

Each Block in the Occupancy Block Table will have one or more Paths in it. Pressing the Paths button in a row of the Occupancy Block Table will open this table. Direction of the path is immaterial. 'from' and 'to' do not have to correspond to any particular side of the Block; they are just Portal names for the Path that traverses from 'this portal' to 'that portal'.

• From Portal: The Portal name of one entrance/exit point of the Path.
• Path Name: The name of the Path. Path names only have to be unique within the Block. E.g, "Westbound Main" could be used as the Path Name in all the Blocks of the "Westbound Main" on your layout.
• To Portal Name: The Portal name of the other entrance/exit point of the Path.
• Turnouts: A button that opens the Block-Path-Turnout table, where the turnouts that define the Path are entered. This table is described below.
• Delete: A button to delete the Path. To make the deletion permanent, save your configuration file to disk

Columns in Block-Path-Turnout Tables

If the Path crosses a Turnout, then it is necessary to have the Turnout in the correct position in order to traverse the Path. This table is used to define these settings (if the path does not cross any turnouts, this table is left empty). Note there will be lots of these tables, one for each path in each Block of the Occupancy Block Table.

• System/User Name: The System Name or User Name of the Turnout in the Path.
• Turnout Setting: the position of the Turnout to make the path
• Delete: A button to delete the Turnout settings. To make the deletion permanent, save your configuration file to disk

Columns in the Block-Portal Cross Reference Table

This is a read only table to assist in identifying all the Portals to a Block. It lists all the Portals that have been defined for each Block, grouped under each Block heading. It is opened from the Show Block-Portal Cross Reference menu item.

Menus of the Occupancy Block, Portal, Path frame

The File menu

This menu has the standard menu items for saving configuration files and panels.

The Edit menu

This menu has the standard menu items for Cut, Copy and Paste.

The Open Tables menu

This menu has items to open the tables in the Occupancy Block, Portal, Path frame:

• Show Occupancy Block Table: Opens the Occupancy Block window, if it is minimized. This table cannot be closed.
• Show Portal Table: Opens the Portal window, if it is minimized. This table cannot be closed.
• Show Block-Portal Cross Reference: Opens a table window that cross references Portals to their Blocks. It organized per Block, showing all the portals attached to the block. It is a counterpoint to the Portal Table which is organized per portal.
• Open Block-Path Tables: This is a cascading menu that opens a Path pane for a Path from a Block. Most likely there will be so many of these panes that the menu will be larger than the screen.
  It is probably easier to open these panes from the Paths button in a row of the Occupancy Block table.
• Open Block-Path-Turnout Tables: This is a cascading menu that opens a Turnout pane for a Path from a Block. Most likely there will be so many of these panes that the menu will be larger than your screen.
  It is probably easier to open these panes by clicking on the Turnout button in a row in a Block-Path Table window.

The Windows menu

This menu has the standard menu items for opening JMRI window frames.

The Help menu

This menu has the standard menu items for JMRI help.

Further Reference

To read about how OBlocks, Portals and OPaths can be used to generate train Routes and make automated train Scripts, see Warrants.

See Creating and Editing OBlocks, Portals and OPaths for more details on using these Tables.

See Circuit Builder for creating and editing OBlocks, Portals and OPaths from a graphical representation of your track plan.

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